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Recent discoveries in biology and microbiology have highlighted the importance of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome in regulating human health and disease.[1] Thus, the delivery of probiotics to influence and modulate microbiome compositions can potentially impact the treatment of a number of human diseases.[2] Unfortunately, biological challenges encountered during oral delivery have limited the translation of many probiotic-delivering technologies.[3] Here, we report a layer-by-layer (LbL) method for the encapsulation of probiotics to directly address these challenges by protecting probiotics from GI tract insults while facilitating both mucoadhesion and direct growth on intestinal surfaces.

It has been established that the bacterial composition in the GI tract plays an essential role in the development and progression of a number of disorders, including cancer,[1a] obesity,[4] diabetes,[5] Clostridium difficile,[6 …