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PURPOSE: To assess the neural basis of PAP using single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor cortex (M1).

METHODS: Eleven male athletes (age 23±4 y, mass 93±11 kg, repetition maximum (RM) squat, 155±23 kg) performed experimental (Exp) and control (Con) trials in a counterbalanced order. During Exp, participants performed low volume, high intensity strength training (3x3 squats at 80, 90 & 100% of 3RM) with measures of countermovement jump (CMJ) performance pre-and 8 min post-exercise. Pre-exercise and after the final CMJ, single and paired pulse TMS were delivered over M1 during submaximal isometric knee extensor contractions to measure corticospinal excitability, short intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF), with motor evoked potentials (MEP) recorded from the rectus femoris. Additionally, twitch responses from electrical …