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It was suspected that aristolochic acid‐induced mutations may be associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV), playing an important role in liver carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the use of Chinese herbs containing aristolochic acid and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among HBV‐infected patients. We conducted a retrospective, population‐based, cohort study on patients older than 18 years who had a diagnosis of HBV infection between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2010 and had visited traditional Chinese medicine clinics before one year before the diagnosis of HCC or the censor dates. A total of 802,642 HBV‐infected patients were identified by using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. The use of Chinese herbal products containing aristolochic acid was identified between 1997 and 2003. Each patient was individually …