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Carbonaceous materials obtained from polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), a potential precursor for polymer-based carbon, were studied after heat treatment at 750, 900 and 1200°C in an inert atmosphere. The carbon content increases to more than 95% (w/w) already at the lowest temperature applied. The surface area decreases from 242 to 14.7 m²/g between 750 and 1200°C, causing also a reduced pore volume and the conversion of open to closed pores. The pore structure exhibits a gate effect. The carbon matrix contains both amorphous and semicrystalline regions. The spatial extent of the latter can be described by a Maxwellian distribution with a maximum of 12 Å at the lowest and 17 Å at the highest temperature values. Increasing the temperature from 900 to 1200°C does not increase the size of these domains but yields a more ordered carbon skeleton. In the WAXS spectrum a flat diffuse peak about 3.5–4 …