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Intestinal microbiota modulates the development of clinical conditions, including metabolic syndrome and obesity. Many of these conditions are influenced by nutritional and exercise behaviours. This study aimed to investigate the ability of exercise to re‐shape the intestinal microbiota and the influence of the diet on the process.

A rat model was used to examine the intestinal microbiota responses to four activity conditions, including: high‐intensity interval training (HIIT), light‐intensity training (LIT), sedentary and normal control, each containing two nutritional conditions: high‐fat high‐fructose diet (HF) and standard chow (SC) diet. No significant differences in microbiota were apparent between activity conditions in rats fed a HF diet but changes in the presence/absence of phylotypes were observed in the LIT and HIIT groups. In rats fed SC, significant …