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In the current work, a novel, experimental ‘bottom-up’ approach is used to quantify the economic value of ecosystem services (ES) associated with highly modified arable landscapes in Canterbury, New Zealand. First, the role of land management practices in the maintenance and enhancement of ES in agricultural land was investigated by quantifying the economic value of ES at the field level under organic and conventional arable systems. This quantification was based on an experimental approach in contrast with earlier value transfer methods. Total economic value of ES in organic fields ranged from US $1610 to US $19,420 ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and that of conventional fields from US $1270 to US $14,570 ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The non-market value of ES in organic fields ranged from US $460 to US $5240 ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The range of non-market values of ES in conventional fields was US $50 — 1240 ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. There were significant …