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Quantitative analysis was performed using computerized morphometry on the relationships between residual β cells, pancreatic exocrine glands, and islet cell antibodies (ICA) in 14 pancreata of insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients. Both pancreatic exocrine glands and β cells were markedly reduced in weight in IDDM patients compared with non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients or nondiabetic controls. β cells were preserved in six cases and were completely abolished in eight cases. In nine IDDM pancreata weighed at autopsy, the weights of pancreatic exocrine glands in six patients with either no or virtually no residual β cells (32.3 ± 1.6 g) were greater than those in three patients with residual β cells (23.1 ± 2.5 g, P < .05). Infiltration of lymphocytes positive for leukocyte common antigen (LCA) around the islet was observed in only one case with ICA and residual β cells. Infiltration of LCA …