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Arecent Finnish study reported high prevalence of antibodies to GAD antibodies (Ab) in middle-aged patients with NIDDM (1). However, the time course of GAD Ab and islet cell antibody (ICA) has not been fully studied. We are conducting a prospective study on j8-cell function in NIDDM patients with islet cell autoantibodies (slowly progressive IDDM)(2, 3). Here, we have prospectively examined the time course of GAD Ab and ICA and evaluated the predictive value of the antibodies for j3-cell dysfunction after diagnosis of NIDDM. A total of 848 NIDDM patients, who were recruited from referral-based population and treated with diet or diet and oral hypoglycemic agents, were screened for GAD Ab and ICA. Initial screening blood was obtained after diagnosis. Longitudinal changes of GAD Ab, ICA, and C-peptide response (CPR) to a 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were examined during follow-up period (95 …