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T cell inflammation plays pivotal roles in obesity‐associated type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The identification of dominant sources of T cell inflammation in humans remains a significant gap in understanding disease pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that cytokine profiles from circulating T cells identify T cell subsets and T cell cytokines that define T2DM‐associated inflammation.

Multiplex analyses were used to quantify T cell‐associated cytokines in αCD3/αCD28‐stimulated PBMCs, or B cell‐depleted PBMCs, from subjects with T2DM or BMI‐matched controls. Cytokine measurements were subjected to multivariate (principal component and partial least squares) analyses. Flow cytometry detected intracellular TNFα in multiple immune cell subsets in the presence/absence of antibodies that neutralize T cell cytokines.

T cell cytokines were generally higher in T2DM samples, but Th17 …