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To understand how knowledge and perceptions of condoms and partner communication influence use of condoms in a high HIV prevalence setting and gender‐specific differences.

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Zambia from 2015 to 2016. The survey included questions on demographics, sexual behavior, contraceptive perceptions, and behaviors. We constructed multivariate regression models using the Theory of Planned Behavior to determine associations between knowledge, perceptions, and perceived control with intended, communicated, and reported use of condoms by gender.

The participants were 2388 sexually active urban residents aged 18–24 years. In the sample, 1646 (69%) were female, 841 (35%) married, and 1894 (61%) unemployed. Partner communication was the predictor most associated with use of condoms. Among women, partner communication …