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The effect of exercise on apoptosis in postmitotic tissues is not known. In this study, we investigated the effect of regular moderate physical activity (i.e., exercise training) on the extent of apoptosis in rat skeletal and cardiac muscles. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were trained (TR) 5 days weekly for 8 wk on treadmill. Sedentary rats served as controls (CON). An ELISA was used to detect mono‐ and oligonucleosome fragmentation as an indicator of apoptosis. Bcl‐2, Bax, Apaf‐1, AIF, cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase‐3, cleaved/active caspase‐9, heat shock protein (HSP)70, Cu/Zn‐SOD, and Mn‐SOD protein levels were determined by Western analyses. Bcl‐2 and Bax transcript contents were estimated by RT‐PCR. A spectrofluorometric assay was used to determine caspase‐3 activity. DNA fragmentation in ventricles of the TR group decreased by 15% whereas that in soleus of the TR group tended to decrease (P=0 …