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Reliable sources of quality food are facing a serious threat due to the rapid growth of the world population and the lack of arable land. To overcome this problem, scientists are focusing towards more eco-friendly and sustainable approaches. Plant growth promoting microbes i.e., bacteria, fungus, algae, protozoan etc. are ideally suited for this task. Several studies around the world have reported a number of microbes with significant PGP activity and are well documented for enhancing crop productivity. These rhizospheric microbial communities provide various direct and indirect means of plant growth promotion. Improved nutrient acquisition by increasing solubility of inorganic nutrients and phytohormone production are some of the direct cause of plant growth promotion. By suppressing plant pathogens, rhizosphere associated microbiota helps in indirect means of Plant growth promotion. In this chapter, we will …