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The need to train perinatal staff in neonatal resuscitation is widely accepted; however, standardized educational programs have not been available. This study used a randomized control trial to evaluate a one-day neonatal resuscitation education program with 190 nurses. Experimental subjects receiving the program had significantly improved knowledge and skill performance. Knowledge, but not skill performance, was maintained at six months for the experimental group. There was a significant relationship between subjects' self-rating of knowledge and performance, suggesting that this method could be used to prioritize staff for basic or refresher training. An effective format and evaluation instruments for neonatal resuscitation training have been developed. Strategies to maintain skills should be addressed in future research.