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While plant-centric diets are recommended for health, they often lack accessible fat to facilitate absorption of the shortfall nutrients vitamin E (α-tocopherol; α-T) and vitamin K (phylloquinone, PK). Because effective pairing of plants with lipid-containing foods, such as eggs, could help achieve α-T and PK nutriture, our objective was to establish a deuterium-labeled spinach model to study the bioavailability of plant-derived α-T and PK in humans.

Spinach was grown hydroponically with 30% deuterium oxide prior to harvesting twice at 6- and 10-weeks post-germination. Harvested leaves were washed, chopped, cooked, portioned, vacuum-sealed, and stored at –20°C until consumed. HPLC-ECD and LC-MS analyses were performed to assess nutrient concentration and isotopomer profile. In a pilot study focusing on α-T, a healthy female co-ingested cooked deuterium-labeled spinach (containing 3 …