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Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that can be generated in vitro either from monocytes or from CD34⁺ peripheral blood progenitor cells by using recombinant cytokines. These cells have potential implications for immunotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. We have conducted a phase I study in melanoma patients using peptide-pulsed dendritic cells cultured in medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and a cocktail of cytokines. Peptide-pulsed dendritic cells were injected intravenously at 2-week intervals. Here we report on a case of type I hypersensitivity anaphylactic reaction after repetitive vaccination with autologous peptide-pulsed cells. Pre-vaccination and post-vaccination serum samples were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to FCS and bovine serum albumin (BSA). A retrospective study in 7 patients vaccinated with …