作者
Lisa Quadt
发表日期
2018/4/4
期刊
Frontiers in Psychology
卷号
9
页码范围
445
出版商
Frontiers Media SA
简介
The framework of first-, second-, and third-order embodiment (1-3E; Metzinger, 2014) was developed for exploring how phenomenal properties are physically and computationally grounded. Metzinger’s goal for 1-3E is to show how the experience of being a self (ie, phenomenal selfhood) is generated within an embodied system and thus to embed his self-model theory (Metzinger, 2004) in the context of grounded cognition. The basic claim of his approach is that phenomenal selfhood (3E) is grounded in computational, representational processes (2E) that in turn are grounded in physical (ie, neural and bodily) structures (1E). In what follows, I will discuss the aspects of grounding and representationality in the framework, and suggest clarifications. In a hierarchical framework such as 1-3E, a necessary question is how different levels relate and connect to each other. Metzinger emphasizes that there are grounding relations holding between first-, second-, and third-order embodiment. He proposes Pezzulo’s et al.(2013) conception of a grounding theory of cognition as a fitting theoretical framework, where grounding refers to a physical foundation. An example of this can be found in the original article, where Metzinger suggests that eye movements ground the phenomenal experience of lucid dreams (p. 276). In general, grounding refers to the relation between levels of embodiment that give an insight into how high-level properties, such as the experience of selfhood, emerge from low-level properties. Metzinger gives a description of the relation between 2E and 3E, where the representational content of 2E is “elevated to the level of global availability …
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