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Purpose: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents towards antibiotics use for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in Jordan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at 10 private outpatients’ pediatric clinics across Amman-Jordan from September to December 2013. During the study period, 1329 parents of young children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate were interviewed, and completed a validated structured questionnaire.

Results: A large proportion of parents (903, 68%) believed that weather change was the main cause of acute URTIs in their children. Although 1098 (82.8%) of parents were aware that the recurrent use of antibiotics leads to a decrease in effectiveness due to bacterial resistance, 859 (64.6%) of the respondents reported that they would give antibiotics without prescription. Fathers (135, 40.2%), were significantly more aware that URTIs follow its natural course without antibiotic administration compared to mothers (N= 327, 32.9%), respectively (p= 0.005).

Conclusion: There is a lack of adequate parental knowledge concerning the use and misuse of antibiotics in children in Jordan. National publicity campaign should be mounted to improve awareness. Furthermore, existing laws should be enforced to prevent parents from purchasing antibiotics over-thecounter (OTC).