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This study reported a facile method to synthesize mangosteen peels activated carbon (MSPAC) from an abundant Malaysian biomass waste (mangosteen peels) via microwave-assisted H₃PO₄ activation. The process resulted in high carbon content and mesoporous structure with a high surface area (681.41 m²/g). MSPAC was applied as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal from aqueous solutions. The response surface methodology approach was established via Box-Behnken Design (BBD) to optimize a series of adsorption conditions: MSPAC dose (0.02–0.06 g), solution pH (3–9), and time (5–20) for MB adsorption. The BBD method indicated that the best adsorption parameters for maximum MB removal are an MSPAC dose of 0.06 g, an MB solution pH of 6, and a time of 20 min. The result showed that the PSO kinetic model best represented the adsorption kinetics, whereas the Langmuir model …