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SUBJECT AND AIMS: Endothelial derived nitric oxide (eNOS) is involved in several functions playing important role in development of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to examine the association between eNOS intron 4 VNTR polymorphism and type 2 diabetes in an Iranian population. METHODS: A total of 220 patients with type 2 diabetes and 96 healthy control subjects were recruited from the same area. Genotyping was performed using PCR. RESULTS: A significant difference was found in genotype frequencies of eNOS polymorphism between patients and controls (aa+ab vs. bb p=0.02, OR 2.0 95% CI; 1.05–3.96). Also allele a frequency was significantly increased in patients with diabetes compared with controls (p=0.007, OR 2.1 95% CI; 1.19–4.08). We found that in patients with diabetic neuropathy the frequency of ‘a’ allele was significantly increased compared to the controls …