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Introduction: Ever since peritoneal dialysis (PD) was introduced as a form of renal replacement therapy, its efficacy and complications have been compared with that of haemodialysis (HD). The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and outcome of PD in comparison to HD in our region.

Methods: We compared 60 patients on PD with 60 matched patients on HD in Tabriz’s Sina Hospital during the period 2004–2006. The technique, patients’ survival and quality of life were compared by means of a health-related quality-of-life questionnaire (GHQ-28).

Results: There was no significant difference in the mean age and duration of dialysis between patients on PD and HD. Survival of diabetic patients was better with HD than PD, but in nondiabetic patients, there was no difference in the survival rates between the two groups. Among patients on PD, diabetics had a 25 percent higher mortality rate and non-diabetic patients had a three percent higher mortality rate than their corresponding counterparts on HD. In all four axes of the questionnaire, ie psychophysical dysfunction, stress and sleep disorders, social dysfunction and major depression, PD patients had lower scores than HD patients (p-values are less than 0.001, less than 0.001, equal to 0.002 and less than 0.001, respectively), indicating that patients on PD had a better quality of life compared to those on HD.

Conclusion: In this study, technique, patients’ survival and their quality of life were better on PD than on HD. However, survival and mortality of diabetic patients on HD were better than those on PD.