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Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed simultaneously to social stress and to infection by the opportunistic ubiquitous bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. Social interaction between randomly chosen pairs was permitted for 11 hours consecutively. After the first hour the bacteria were either added to the water or were injected intramuscularly. As an indication of the stress syndrome, subordinate fishes showed enhanced ventilation frequency, elevated plasma glucose level, and increased leukocyte volume. In subordinates the pathogens spread to more organs and were found in greater numbers than in the dominant fishes, independent of the mode of bacterial application.