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Much of South Asia produces a single crop of rainy season rice per year, with the crop land being fallow for the remainder of the year. This book is the report of a project which attempted to quantify rice-fallows in South Asia, using satellite image analysis, and to document their spatial distribution. Over 14 million ha were found to lie fallow following the 50 million ha of rainy season rice. GIS analysis indicated that this fallow land represented diverse soil types and climatic conditions. A review of existing technologies indicated that legumes could be productively grown in most of the rice fallows, and that this could have considerable impact on the rural economy. The book describes the methodology for estimating rice fallows, presents results for Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan, and makes recommendations for the cultivation of legumes.