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With rapid industrialization and increasing per-capita consumption of conventional plastics, there is a growing need for the development of bio-based materials from renewable resources to reduce the environmental footprint of plastic production. Oil palm biomass, which is the largest biomass in Malaysia, has tremendous potential as a primary or secondary feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. PHA production can be made more competitive and sustainable by using oil palm biomass effluent and residues that are available at the factories. The oil palm biomass as non-food biomass from the mill is a great strategy towards zero discharge in palm oil industry by combining wastewater treatment system for mixed organic acids production together with PHA production from the clarified organic acids. Hence, several oil palm biomass have been explored and considered as sustainable promising sources …