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ContextWe originally described the hospitalist model of inpatient care in 1996; since then, the model has experienced tremendous growth. This growth has important clinical, financial, educational, and policy implications.ObjectivesTo review data regarding the effect of hospitalists on resource use, quality of care, satisfaction, and teaching; and to analyze the impact of hospitalists on the health care system and frame key issues facing the movement.Data Sources and Study SelectionWe searched MEDLINE, BIOSIS, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from 1996 to September 2001 for studies comparing hospitalist care with an appropriate control group in terms of resource use, quality, or satisfaction outcomes.Data ExtractionWe extracted information regarding study design, nature of hospitalist and control groups, analytical strategies, and key outcomes.Data SynthesisMost studies found that implementation of …