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Lipid distributions in modern peat-forming plants were determined and compared to biomarkers recovered from a ca. 2800 year old peat deposited in a Dutch ombrotrophic bog. The peat section spans a well-constrained shift in local hydrology and vegetation, and potential molecular proxies for plant inputs were directly tested against the macrofossil record. Based on the analyses of modern plants, low-molecular-weight (LMW) n-alkanes (C₂₃, C₂₅) and high-molecular-weight n-alkanes (C₃₃) are proposed as potential biomarkers for Sphagnum and non-Sphagnum inputs, respectively. Consistent with this, in the Bargerveen peat core, LMW n-alkane abundances increase and HMW n-alkane abundances decrease coincident with the shift to Sphagnum dominated peat. Additional potential proxies include the abundances of C₂₂ α,ω-alkanedioic acid and phytenyl phytenoate as Sphagnum indicators and the …