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Due to rapid depletion of the fossil fuel reserves and environmental concerns biodiesel has attracted a great deal of attention over the last few decades. In this study, heterogeneous catalysts derived from waste chicken bones were employed in the transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil for biodiesel production. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were studied by various techniques such as differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA–TGA), BET surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed desorption of CO₂ (TPD–CO₂), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the heterogeneous catalyst calcined at 900 °C exhibited good catalytic activity in the transesterification of WCO, providing maximum biodiesel yield of 89.33% at 5.0 g of catalyst loading, 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio at temperature of 65 °C in …