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Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between surgeon volume and patient outcomes among different race ethnicities undergoing thyroid or parathyroid surgery. Methods The nationwide inpatient sample was used to identify all thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy admissions from 2003 to 2009, using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) procedure codes. Race, demographic, and clinical characteristics of patients were collected, along with surgeon volume, to predict the length of stay (LOS), complication rates, mortality, and total charges by racial group, using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 106,314 thyroid and parathyroid surgeries were included in the current analysis. Of these patients, 54% were Caucasian, 11% African American, 7% Hispanic, and 3% Asian. Mean LOS was longer for African American patients (4±8.7 days …