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Structural modifications of nucleobases within the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of living cells can be induced as a result of actions of specialized DNA-modifying enzymes (creating epigenetic DNA modifications) or may result from exposure to reactive endogenous and exogenous electrophiles and oxidants (creating DNA adducts). Epigenetic DNA modifications such as 5-methylcytosine (MeC) are important regulators of cell function that influence chromatin structure and control the levels of gene expression. DNA methyltransferases (DMTs) catalyze the addition of the C-5 methyl group to cytosine