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The aim of this study was to quantify vascular network formation capacity after angiogenic induction of human and swine dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in comparison with endothelial cells.

Primary human DPSCs or swine DPSCs were induced in endothelial growth medium for 7 days. The expression of the endothelial marker von Willebrand factor was determined by immunostaining. Induced DPSCs (iDPSCs) and noninduced DPSCs (niDPSCs) were seeded at different cell numbers onto Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) for vascular network formation assays and analyzed after 4, 8, 12, and 18 hours in comparison with human microvascular endothelial cells (hMECs). Quantitative analysis of vascular tubule formation was performed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). The vascular network formation was also conducted by coculturing of niDPSCs and …