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Historically, the study of speech processing has emphasized a strong link between auditory perceptual input and motor production output^,,,. A kind of ‘parity’ is essential, as both perception- and production-based representations must form a unified interface to facilitate access to higher-order language processes such as syntax and semantics, believed to be computed in the dominant, typically left hemisphere^,. Although various theories have been proposed to unite perception and production^,, the underlying neural mechanisms are unclear. Early models of speech and language processing proposed that perceptual processing occurred in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke’s area) and motor production processes occurred in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca’s area)^,. Sensory activity was proposed to link to production activity through connecting fibre tracts, forming the left lateralized speech …