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Screening batteries of standard neuropsychological tests were administered to 2 different samples (Ns= 90 and 167) of male prison inmates. Scores on the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (RD Hare, 1990) were used to divide inmates in each sample into high, moderate, and low psychopathy groups. There were no group differences in test performance in either of the samples, even when the effects of self-reported psychopathology and substance abuse were taken into account. The overall prevalence of both test-specific and global neuropsychological impairment was low and did not vary significantly across the 3 groups. The results provide no support for traditional brain-damage explanations of psychopathy.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)