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Studies on insular organisms provide an important framework for investigating patterns of genetic differentiation and reproductive isolation. By focusing on populations of the same species, we have the opportunity to study the mechanisms operating during the earliest stages of speciation, as reproductive barriers can be examined among divergent lineages in a geographic context. We investigated the genetic differentiation and the evolution of early stages of intrinsic postmating reproductive isolation between continental and insular populations of Epidendrum fulgens, a neotropical orchid distributed in southeastern Brazil. Genetic diversity and structure were estimated for both nuclear and plastid markers by using genetic differentiation measures and model-based assignment test. Furthermore, two components of reproductive isolation were examined by analyzing fruit set and seed viability in interpopulation crosses …