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To evaluate the potential efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in periodontal regeneration in humans on the following main outcomes: clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and gingival recession (GR).

The clinical application of stem cells in periodontal regeneration has begun in recent years, but clinical practices are not yet standardized and no recommendations are available at this time.

Electronic database searches and hand searches were conducted. All types of studies, case series, and case reports were qualitatively described. Double‐blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating MSCs in periodontal regeneration were included in a meta‐analysis if they compared administration of MSCs vs application of stem cell‐free therapy in the control group, in healthy patients with periodontal defects, with a minimum of three mo of follow‐up.