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The Global Heart/World Heart Federation 1990-2010 Global Atlas of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) charted the transition from a global burden of disease dominated by infectious and maternal/child conditions to a new world in which CVD and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for a growing proportion of preventable loss of healthy years of life, especially in the world’s lowincome regions [1]. This updated Global Atlas of CVD describes, for world regions and countries, the period 2000-2016, a time when CVD and other NCDs are entrenched as major causes of preventable health loss from disease in every world region, regardless of country income socio-demographic status. According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2016 Study, NCDs accounted for about 40% of total, age-standardized global burden of disease in women, and about 50% of total age-standardized global burden of disease in men; CVDs alone accounted for 20% of total burden in women and 24% of total burden in men (Fig. 1).

At the global level, the highest per capita CVD burden remains in the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia (Fig. 2). East Asia (78.1 million CVD disability adjusted life-years [DALYs] in 2016 [uncertainty range 75.0—81.1]) and South Asia (65.6 million CVD DALYs [uncertainty range 62.2—68.5]) are home to the largest total burden of CVD, due to their large and aging populations [2].