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Graft failure may contribute to increased morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic SCT (allo-HSCT). Here, we present risk factors for graft failure in all first allo-HSCTs performed at our center from 1995 to mid-2010 (n= 967). Graft failure was defined as> 95% recipient cells any time after engraftment with no signs of relapse, or re-transplantation because of primary or secondary neutropenia (< 0.5× 10 9/L) and/or thrombocytopenia (< 30× 10 9/L). Fifty-four patients (5.6%) experienced graft failure. The majority were because of autologous reconstitution (n= 43), and only a few patients underwent re-transplantation because of primary (n= 6) or secondary (n= 5) graft failures. In non-malignant disorders, graft failure had no effect on survival, whereas in malignant disease graft failure was associated with reduced 5-year survival (22 vs 53%, P< 0.01). In multivariate analysis, ex vivo T-cell depletion (relative risk …