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The functional and morphologic integrity of the peritoneal membrane is of major importance for the successful treatment of patients with chronic peritoneal dialysis. This study aimed at the establishment and functional characterization of human peritoneal fibroblasts (HPFB) in cell culture. HPFB were isolated from human omentum by enzymatic digestion and cultured. Confluent HPFB could be identified as spindle-shaped cells, growing in parallel arrays and whorls which stained positive for vimentin and negative for factor VIII, cytokeratin 18, and desmin. Maximum cell growth was observed after 24 h in medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. HPFB could be growth arrested and maintained in fetal calf serum-depleted medium (0.1%) for> 48 h without loss of cell viability as evaluated by intracellular ATP determination. Stimulation of resting HPFB for 0.5 to 48 h with increasing doses of interleukin (IL)-1 beta …