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MCKENZIE, TL, JF SALLIS, JJ PROCHASKA, TL CONWAY, SJ MARSHALL, and P. ROSENGARD. Evaluation of a Two-Year Middle-School Physical Education Intervention: M-SPAN. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 36, No. 8, pp. 1382–1388, 2004. Purpose: School physical education (PE) is highly recommended as a means of promoting physical activity, and randomized studies of health-related PE interventions in middle schools have not been reported. We developed, implemented, and assessed an intervention to increase physical activity during middle-school PE classes. Methods: Twenty-four middle schools (approximately 25,000 students, 45% nonwhite) in Southern California participated in a randomized trial. Schools were assigned to intervention (N 12) or control (N 12) conditions, and school was the unit of analysis. A major component of the intervention was a 2-yr PE program, which consisted of curricular materials, staff development, and on-site follow-up. Control schools continued usual programs. Student activity and lesson context were observed in 1849 PE lessons using a validated instrument during baseline and intervention years 1 and 2. Results: The intervention significantly (P 0.02) improved student moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in PE, by approximately 3 min per lesson. Effects were cumulative; by year 2 intervention schools increased MVPA by 18%. Effect sizes were greater for boys (d 0.98; large) than girls (d 0.68; medium). Conclusions: A standardized program increased MVPA in middle schools without requiring an increase in frequency or duration of PE lessons. Program components were well received by …