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ContextPatients with renal disease are at high risk for cardiovascular mortality. Determining which interventions best offset this risk remains a health priority.ObjectiveTo quantify the representation of patients with renal disease in randomized controlled trials for interventions proven efficacious for cardiovascular disease.Data SourcesWe searched MEDLINE for trials published from 1985 through 2005 in 11 major medical and subspecialty journals.Study SelectionRandomized controlled trials for chronic congestive heart failure and acute myocardial infarction of treatments that are currently listed as class I or II recommendations in the current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines were included.Data ExtractionTwo reviewers independently abstracted data on study and patient characteristics, renal measurements, outcomes, and prognostic features.Data SynthesisA total of 153 trials …