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This paper reports a study of HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative gay men focusing on comparisons between the HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative on gay identification, the interrelationships among gay identification variables, and the psychological correlates of gay identification. We hypothesized that better psychological health would be related to gay self‐acceptance, participating in gay organizations and groups, socializing with other gay men, and parental disclosure and acceptance of being gay. The sample was composed of 169 gay men, including 98 asymptomatic HIV‐positive and 71 HIV‐negative men. The findings are largely consistent with our hypotheses. A strong and consistent relationship of the gay identification measures with psychological variables was observed, explaining up to one fifth of the variance in current level of mood and self‐esteem. Among the HIV‐positive subjects, participating in gay …