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In an attempt to find genes that may be of importance in malignant progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in the Middle East, which therefore can be targeted in cancer therapy, we screened and validated the global gene expression in PTC using cDNA expression arrays and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tumour tissue microarrays. Twenty‐nine PTC tissue specimens were compared with seven non‐cancerous thyroid specimens by use of cDNA microarray. Results for selected genes were confirmed by quantitative real‐time PCR. Protein expression of selected genes was further studied using a tissue microarray consisting of 536 PTCs and compared with histologically non‐cancerous tissue samples. One hundred and ninety‐six genes were overexpressed in PTC tissues relative to non‐cancerous thyroid tissues. The genes that were up‐regulated in PTC were involved in cell cycle regulation, cell …