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OBJECTIVE: To determine how physical activity at various ages over the life course is associated with cognitive impairment in late life.

DESIGN: Cross‐sectional study.

SETTING: Four U.S. sites.

PARTICIPANTS: Nine thousand three hundred forty‐four women aged 65 and older (mean 71.6) who self‐reported teenage, age 30, age 50, and late‐life physical activity.

MEASUREMENTS: Logistic regression was used to determine the association between physical activity status at each age and likelihood of cognitive impairment (modified Mini‐Mental State Examination (mMMSE) score >1.5 standard deviations below the mean, mMMSE score≤22). Models were adjusted for age, education, marital status, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, depressive symptoms, smoking, and body mass index.

RESULTS: Women who reported being physically active had a lower prevalence of cognitive impairment in late life than …