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Dementia is a condition mainly affecting older people. Non-modifiable risk factors include age and genetic factors; however, lifelong, modifiable-and largely behavioural-risk factors may be associated with cognitive function and dementia risk (1). Changes in these risk factors may occur during a person’s life course. There has been much interest infish consumption in relation to dementia (2) as well as cardiovascular disease risk (3), suggesting a potential biological pathway for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). Fish intake has been below SACN recommendations in the UK (4); whereas cod liver oil (CLO) is the most popular supplement consumed and contributes 50% to overall n-3 PUFA intake (5). We studied cross-sectional as well as prospective associations between n-3 PUFA containing supplements and performance on cognitive tests in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer …