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A generally similar clinical response was observed in six lactating Holstein–Friesian cows after intramammary inoculation with approximately 10⁷ colony-forming units of Streptococcus uberis. Increased concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured in both milk and serum taken 6 and 11h after inoculation, respectively. In contrast, increased concentrations of haptoglobin were detected after 10h of infection, in milk only. In the blood, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TFN-α) was detected (0·503ng/ml) in only one animal, at the time of euthanasia (10h after infection). Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), like haptoglobin, was not detected in blood. Parallel to the development of inflammation and influx of inflammatory cells into the udder tissue, a marked decrease in the number of monocytes and neutrophils in blood was observed. Bacteria were found both intracellularly (macrophages and neutrophils) and within the …