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This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical performance and attack attempts and effectiveness in official judo matches with different durations. Thirty-eight judo athletes participated in this study and performed the countermovement jump (CMJ), handgrip strength test (HGS), Judogi Grip Strength Test (JGST) and Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT). Official matches were filmed for technical-tactical analysis. The key results showed that male athletes exhibited higher performance in the CMJ and HGS than the female group (p < 0.05). The number of attacks was correlated with the HGS (r = 0.41) and effectiveness was correlated with JGST (r = 0.34, r = 0.43) in matches lasting shorter than 2 min (male group). In longer matches, valid combat time was positively correlated with the throws in the SJFT in the male group (r = 0.46) and negatively correlated in the female group (r = −0.62). We concluded that …