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Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease with warning increasing rate in the world. Although type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disease, it has been recently found that the incidence of type 2 diabetes is associated with MTNR1B gene and the growth of its expression increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12-week aerobic exercise on MTNR1B gene expression, glucose and fasting insulin in male Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes. This fundamental study with experimental approach. included 30 male Wistar rats with weight of 220±20 gram. Sampls were kept under standard conditions: temperature of 22±3 centigrade, 45% humidity and consecutive 12-hour periods of light and darkness. The rats were divided into three groups. Infusion of diabetes was conducted by Nicotinamide and streptozotocin solution. Training program was held on 5 days a week for 12 weeks with a gradual increasing of speed (18 to 26 meters per minute) and time (10 to 55 minutes) by running on a treadmill. Glucose level, insulin level and gene expression were measured by enzyme glucose oxidase colorimetric method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Real-time polymerase chain reaction. All statistical analyses were performed by software SPSS, version16. Training programme led to a significant reduction in fasting glucose levels in aerobic diabetic group compared to the control diabetic group (P< 0.05). Serum insulin levels in the diabetic aerobic group was more than diabetic control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (P≥ 0.05). On the other hand, the …