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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder characterized by deficits in attention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. These symptoms have been associated with impaired academic performance, low self-esteem, negative occupational outcomes, lower adaptive functioning, social skills problems, aggressive and risky behaviors, and accidental injuries. Both genes and environment, or their interaction, increase the risk of the disorder. Due to the multifactorial causes underlying the disorder, ADHD has a heterogeneous presentation, affecting different cognitive domains, and is frequently co-occurring with psychiatric and medical comorbidities. Neuroimaging studies have reported modestly decreased cortical thickness and reduced volumes of subcortical brain regions in children with ADHD, but not in adolescents or adults. The observed neuroimaging differences are …