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Controversy surrounds combination treatment or monotherapy against multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) Acinetobacter infections in clinical practice. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases for studies reporting on the clinical outcomes of patients infected with MDR, XDR, and PDR Acinetobacter spp. with regard to the administered intravenous antibiotic treatment. Twelve studies reporting on 1,040 patients suffering from 1,044 infectious episodes of MDR Acinetobacter spp. were included. The overall mortality between studies varied from 28.6 to 70 %; from 25 to 100 % in the monotherapy arm and from 27 to 57.1 % in the combination arm. Combination treatment was superior to monotherapy in three studies, where carbapenem with ampicillin/sulbactam (mortality 30.8 %, p = 0.012), carbapenem with colistin (mortality 23 %, p = 0.009 …