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The impact of various environmental stresses (drought, chilling or herbicide treatment) on the capacity of plant mitochondria to import precursor proteins was investigated. Drought treatment stimulated import and processing of various precursor proteins via the general import pathway. The stimulatory effect of drought on the general import pathway was due to an increased rate of import, was accompanied by an increased rate of processing, and could be attributed to the presequence of the precursor protein. Interestingly, drought decreased the import of the F_Ad subunit of ATP synthase suggesting a bypass of the point of stimulation during import of this precursor. Both chilling and herbicide treatment of plants, on the other hand, caused inhibition of import with all precursors tested. No decrease in processing of imported proteins was observed by these stress treatments. Western analysis of several mitochondrial …