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The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between reinstatement of drug‐seeking behaviour following long‐term extinction of intravenous (i.v.) drug self‐administration (an animal model for craving) and long‐term behavioural sensitization. Rats were allowed to self‐administer heroin (50 μg/kg per inj., 14 daily sessions), cocaine (500 μg/kg per inj., 10 daily sessions) or saline. Following a 3‐week extinction period, reinstatement tests were performed to evaluate priming effects of amphetamine, cocaine and heroin on non‐reinforced drug‐seeking behaviour. In addition, the occurrence of long‐term behavioural sensitization in rats with a history of heroin or cocaine self‐administration was determined. Heroin‐seeking behaviour was reinstated by heroin (0.25 mg/kg), amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg) and cocaine (10 mg/kg). In addition, animals with a history of heroin self‐administration displayed locomotor …