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Undocumented immigration often presents with multiple stressors and contextual challenges, which may diminish mental health. This study is the first to provide population‐based estimates for the prevalence of traumatic events and its association to clinically significant psychological distress among undocumented Mexican immigrants in the United States. This cross‐sectional study used respondent‐driven sampling to obtain and analyze data from clinical interviews with 248 undocumented Mexican immigrants residing in high‐risk neighborhoods near the California‐Mexico border. Overall, 82.7% of participants reported a history of traumatic events, with 47.0% of these meeting the criteria for clinically significant psychological distress. After controlling for relevant covariates, having experienced material deprivation, odds ratio (OR) = 2.26, 95% CI [1.18, 4.31], p = .013, and bodily injury, OR = 2.96, 95% CI [1.50, 5.83 …